Struct t3rn_sdk_primitives::Box

impl<T> Box<T, Global>

pub fn new(x: T) -> Box<T, Global>

Allocates memory on the heap and then places x into it.

This doesn’t actually allocate if T is zero-sized.

pub fn new_uninit() -> Box<MaybeUninit<T>, Global>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (new_uninit)

Constructs a new box with uninitialized contents.

pub fn new_zeroed() -> Box<MaybeUninit<T>, Global>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (new_uninit)

Constructs a new Box with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes.

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

pub fn pin(x: T) -> Pin<Box<T, Global>>

Constructs a new Pin<Box<T>>. If T does not implement Unpin, then x will be pinned in memory and unable to be moved.

Constructing and pinning of the Box can also be done in two steps: Box::pin(x) does the same as Box::into_pin(Box::new(x)). Consider using into_pin if you already have a Box<T>, or if you want to construct a (pinned) Box in a different way than with Box::new.

pub fn try_new(x: T) -> Result<Box<T, Global>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Allocates memory on the heap then places x into it, returning an error if the allocation fails

This doesn’t actually allocate if T is zero-sized.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

let five = Box::try_new(5)?;

pub fn try_new_uninit() -> Result<Box<MaybeUninit<T>, Global>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new box with uninitialized contents on the heap, returning an error if the allocation fails

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api, new_uninit)]

let mut five = Box::<u32>::try_new_uninit()?;

let five = unsafe {
    // Deferred initialization:
    five.as_mut_ptr().write(5);

    five.assume_init()
};

assert_eq!(*five, 5);

pub fn try_new_zeroed() -> Result<Box<MaybeUninit<T>, Global>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Box with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes on the heap

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api, new_uninit)]

let zero = Box::<u32>::try_new_zeroed()?;
let zero = unsafe { zero.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*zero, 0);

impl<T, A> Box<T, A>where A: Allocator,

pub fn new_in(x: T, alloc: A) -> Box<T, A>where A: Allocator,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Allocates memory in the given allocator then places x into it.

This doesn’t actually allocate if T is zero-sized.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::alloc::System;

let five = Box::new_in(5, System);

pub fn try_new_in(x: T, alloc: A) -> Result<Box<T, A>, AllocError>where A: Allocator,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Allocates memory in the given allocator then places x into it, returning an error if the allocation fails

This doesn’t actually allocate if T is zero-sized.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::alloc::System;

let five = Box::try_new_in(5, System)?;

pub fn new_uninit_in(alloc: A) -> Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>where A: Allocator,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new box with uninitialized contents in the provided allocator.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api, new_uninit)]

use std::alloc::System;

let mut five = Box::<u32, _>::new_uninit_in(System);

let five = unsafe {
    // Deferred initialization:
    five.as_mut_ptr().write(5);

    five.assume_init()
};

assert_eq!(*five, 5)

pub fn try_new_uninit_in(alloc: A) -> Result<Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>, AllocError>where A: Allocator,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new box with uninitialized contents in the provided allocator, returning an error if the allocation fails

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api, new_uninit)]

use std::alloc::System;

let mut five = Box::<u32, _>::try_new_uninit_in(System)?;

let five = unsafe {
    // Deferred initialization:
    five.as_mut_ptr().write(5);

    five.assume_init()
};

assert_eq!(*five, 5);

pub fn new_zeroed_in(alloc: A) -> Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>where A: Allocator,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Box with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes in the provided allocator.

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api, new_uninit)]

use std::alloc::System;

let zero = Box::<u32, _>::new_zeroed_in(System);
let zero = unsafe { zero.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*zero, 0)

pub fn try_new_zeroed_in(alloc: A) -> Result<Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>, AllocError>where A: Allocator,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Box with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes in the provided allocator, returning an error if the allocation fails,

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api, new_uninit)]

use std::alloc::System;

let zero = Box::<u32, _>::try_new_zeroed_in(System)?;
let zero = unsafe { zero.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*zero, 0);

pub fn pin_in(x: T, alloc: A) -> Pin<Box<T, A>>where A: 'static + Allocator,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new Pin<Box<T, A>>. If T does not implement Unpin, then x will be pinned in memory and unable to be moved.

Constructing and pinning of the Box can also be done in two steps: Box::pin_in(x, alloc) does the same as Box::into_pin(Box::new_in(x, alloc)). Consider using into_pin if you already have a Box<T, A>, or if you want to construct a (pinned) Box in a different way than with Box::new_in.

pub fn into_boxed_slice(boxed: Box<T, A>) -> Box<[T], A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (box_into_boxed_slice)

Converts a Box<T> into a Box<[T]>

This conversion does not allocate on the heap and happens in place.

pub fn into_inner(boxed: Box<T, A>) -> T

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (box_into_inner)

Consumes the Box, returning the wrapped value.

Examples

#![feature(box_into_inner)]

let c = Box::new(5);

assert_eq!(Box::into_inner(c), 5);

impl<T> Box<[T], Global>

pub fn new_uninit_slice(len: usize) -> Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], Global>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (new_uninit)

Constructs a new boxed slice with uninitialized contents.

Examples

#![feature(new_uninit)]

let mut values = Box::<[u32]>::new_uninit_slice(3);

let values = unsafe {
    // Deferred initialization:
    values[0].as_mut_ptr().write(1);
    values[1].as_mut_ptr().write(2);
    values[2].as_mut_ptr().write(3);

    values.assume_init()
};

assert_eq!(*values, [1, 2, 3])

pub fn new_zeroed_slice(len: usize) -> Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], Global>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (new_uninit)

Constructs a new boxed slice with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes.

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

Examples

#![feature(new_uninit)]

let values = Box::<[u32]>::new_zeroed_slice(3);
let values = unsafe { values.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*values, [0, 0, 0])

pub fn try_new_uninit_slice( len: usize ) -> Result<Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], Global>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new boxed slice with uninitialized contents. Returns an error if the allocation fails

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api, new_uninit)]

let mut values = Box::<[u32]>::try_new_uninit_slice(3)?;
let values = unsafe {
    // Deferred initialization:
    values[0].as_mut_ptr().write(1);
    values[1].as_mut_ptr().write(2);
    values[2].as_mut_ptr().write(3);
    values.assume_init()
};

assert_eq!(*values, [1, 2, 3]);

pub fn try_new_zeroed_slice( len: usize ) -> Result<Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], Global>, AllocError>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new boxed slice with uninitialized contents, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes. Returns an error if the allocation fails

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api, new_uninit)]

let values = Box::<[u32]>::try_new_zeroed_slice(3)?;
let values = unsafe { values.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*values, [0, 0, 0]);

impl<T, A> Box<[T], A>where A: Allocator,

pub fn new_uninit_slice_in(len: usize, alloc: A) -> Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new boxed slice with uninitialized contents in the provided allocator.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api, new_uninit)]

use std::alloc::System;

let mut values = Box::<[u32], _>::new_uninit_slice_in(3, System);

let values = unsafe {
    // Deferred initialization:
    values[0].as_mut_ptr().write(1);
    values[1].as_mut_ptr().write(2);
    values[2].as_mut_ptr().write(3);

    values.assume_init()
};

assert_eq!(*values, [1, 2, 3])

pub fn new_zeroed_slice_in(len: usize, alloc: A) -> Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a new boxed slice with uninitialized contents in the provided allocator, with the memory being filled with 0 bytes.

See MaybeUninit::zeroed for examples of correct and incorrect usage of this method.

Examples

#![feature(allocator_api, new_uninit)]

use std::alloc::System;

let values = Box::<[u32], _>::new_zeroed_slice_in(3, System);
let values = unsafe { values.assume_init() };

assert_eq!(*values, [0, 0, 0])

impl<T, A> Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>where A: Allocator,

pub unsafe fn assume_init(self) -> Box<T, A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (new_uninit)

Converts to Box<T, A>.

Safety

As with MaybeUninit::assume_init, it is up to the caller to guarantee that the value really is in an initialized state. Calling this when the content is not yet fully initialized causes immediate undefined behavior.

Examples

#![feature(new_uninit)]

let mut five = Box::<u32>::new_uninit();

let five: Box<u32> = unsafe {
    // Deferred initialization:
    five.as_mut_ptr().write(5);

    five.assume_init()
};

assert_eq!(*five, 5)

pub fn write(boxed: Box<MaybeUninit<T>, A>, value: T) -> Box<T, A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (new_uninit)

Writes the value and converts to Box<T, A>.

This method converts the box similarly to Box::assume_init but writes value into it before conversion thus guaranteeing safety. In some scenarios use of this method may improve performance because the compiler may be able to optimize copying from stack.

Examples

#![feature(new_uninit)]

let big_box = Box::<[usize; 1024]>::new_uninit();

let mut array = [0; 1024];
for (i, place) in array.iter_mut().enumerate() {
    *place = i;
}

// The optimizer may be able to elide this copy, so previous code writes
// to heap directly.
let big_box = Box::write(big_box, array);

for (i, x) in big_box.iter().enumerate() {
    assert_eq!(*x, i);
}

impl<T, A> Box<[MaybeUninit<T>], A>where A: Allocator,

pub unsafe fn assume_init(self) -> Box<[T], A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (new_uninit)

Converts to Box<[T], A>.

Safety

As with MaybeUninit::assume_init, it is up to the caller to guarantee that the values really are in an initialized state. Calling this when the content is not yet fully initialized causes immediate undefined behavior.

Examples

#![feature(new_uninit)]

let mut values = Box::<[u32]>::new_uninit_slice(3);

let values = unsafe {
    // Deferred initialization:
    values[0].as_mut_ptr().write(1);
    values[1].as_mut_ptr().write(2);
    values[2].as_mut_ptr().write(3);

    values.assume_init()
};

assert_eq!(*values, [1, 2, 3])

impl<T> Box<T, Global>where T: ?Sized,

1.4.0 · source

pub unsafe fn from_raw(raw: *mut T) -> Box<T, Global>

Constructs a box from a raw pointer.

After calling this function, the raw pointer is owned by the resulting Box. Specifically, the Box destructor will call the destructor of T and free the allocated memory. For this to be safe, the memory must have been allocated in accordance with the memory layout used by Box .

Safety

This function is unsafe because improper use may lead to memory problems. For example, a double-free may occur if the function is called twice on the same raw pointer.

The safety conditions are described in the memory layout section.

Examples

Recreate a Box which was previously converted to a raw pointer using Box::into_raw:

let x = Box::new(5);
let ptr = Box::into_raw(x);
let x = unsafe { Box::from_raw(ptr) };

Manually create a Box from scratch by using the global allocator:

use std::alloc::{alloc, Layout};

unsafe {
    let ptr = alloc(Layout::new::<i32>()) as *mut i32;
    // In general .write is required to avoid attempting to destruct
    // the (uninitialized) previous contents of `ptr`, though for this
    // simple example `*ptr = 5` would have worked as well.
    ptr.write(5);
    let x = Box::from_raw(ptr);
}

impl<T, A> Box<T, A>where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

const: unstable · source

pub unsafe fn from_raw_in(raw: *mut T, alloc: A) -> Box<T, A>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Constructs a box from a raw pointer in the given allocator.

After calling this function, the raw pointer is owned by the resulting Box. Specifically, the Box destructor will call the destructor of T and free the allocated memory. For this to be safe, the memory must have been allocated in accordance with the memory layout used by Box .

Safety

This function is unsafe because improper use may lead to memory problems. For example, a double-free may occur if the function is called twice on the same raw pointer.

Examples

Recreate a Box which was previously converted to a raw pointer using Box::into_raw_with_allocator:

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::alloc::System;

let x = Box::new_in(5, System);
let (ptr, alloc) = Box::into_raw_with_allocator(x);
let x = unsafe { Box::from_raw_in(ptr, alloc) };

Manually create a Box from scratch by using the system allocator:

#![feature(allocator_api, slice_ptr_get)]

use std::alloc::{Allocator, Layout, System};

unsafe {
    let ptr = System.allocate(Layout::new::<i32>())?.as_mut_ptr() as *mut i32;
    // In general .write is required to avoid attempting to destruct
    // the (uninitialized) previous contents of `ptr`, though for this
    // simple example `*ptr = 5` would have worked as well.
    ptr.write(5);
    let x = Box::from_raw_in(ptr, System);
}

1.4.0 · source

pub fn into_raw(b: Box<T, A>) -> *mut T

Consumes the Box, returning a wrapped raw pointer.

The pointer will be properly aligned and non-null.

After calling this function, the caller is responsible for the memory previously managed by the Box. In particular, the caller should properly destroy T and release the memory, taking into account the memory layout used by Box. The easiest way to do this is to convert the raw pointer back into a Box with the Box::from_raw function, allowing the Box destructor to perform the cleanup.

Note: this is an associated function, which means that you have to call it as Box::into_raw(b) instead of b.into_raw(). This is so that there is no conflict with a method on the inner type.

Examples

Converting the raw pointer back into a Box with Box::from_raw for automatic cleanup:

let x = Box::new(String::from("Hello"));
let ptr = Box::into_raw(x);
let x = unsafe { Box::from_raw(ptr) };

Manual cleanup by explicitly running the destructor and deallocating the memory:

use std::alloc::{dealloc, Layout};
use std::ptr;

let x = Box::new(String::from("Hello"));
let p = Box::into_raw(x);
unsafe {
    ptr::drop_in_place(p);
    dealloc(p as *mut u8, Layout::new::<String>());
}

pub fn into_raw_with_allocator(b: Box<T, A>) -> (*mut T, A)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Consumes the Box, returning a wrapped raw pointer and the allocator.

The pointer will be properly aligned and non-null.

After calling this function, the caller is responsible for the memory previously managed by the Box. In particular, the caller should properly destroy T and release the memory, taking into account the memory layout used by Box. The easiest way to do this is to convert the raw pointer back into a Box with the Box::from_raw_in function, allowing the Box destructor to perform the cleanup.

Note: this is an associated function, which means that you have to call it as Box::into_raw_with_allocator(b) instead of b.into_raw_with_allocator(). This is so that there is no conflict with a method on the inner type.

Examples

Converting the raw pointer back into a Box with Box::from_raw_in for automatic cleanup:

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::alloc::System;

let x = Box::new_in(String::from("Hello"), System);
let (ptr, alloc) = Box::into_raw_with_allocator(x);
let x = unsafe { Box::from_raw_in(ptr, alloc) };

Manual cleanup by explicitly running the destructor and deallocating the memory:

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::alloc::{Allocator, Layout, System};
use std::ptr::{self, NonNull};

let x = Box::new_in(String::from("Hello"), System);
let (ptr, alloc) = Box::into_raw_with_allocator(x);
unsafe {
    ptr::drop_in_place(ptr);
    let non_null = NonNull::new_unchecked(ptr);
    alloc.deallocate(non_null.cast(), Layout::new::<String>());
}

const: unstable · source

pub fn allocator(b: &Box<T, A>) -> &A

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Returns a reference to the underlying allocator.

Note: this is an associated function, which means that you have to call it as Box::allocator(&b) instead of b.allocator(). This is so that there is no conflict with a method on the inner type.

1.26.0 · source

pub fn leak<'a>(b: Box<T, A>) -> &'a mut Twhere A: 'a,

Consumes and leaks the Box, returning a mutable reference, &'a mut T. Note that the type T must outlive the chosen lifetime 'a. If the type has only static references, or none at all, then this may be chosen to be 'static.

This function is mainly useful for data that lives for the remainder of the program’s life. Dropping the returned reference will cause a memory leak. If this is not acceptable, the reference should first be wrapped with the Box::from_raw function producing a Box. This Box can then be dropped which will properly destroy T and release the allocated memory.

Note: this is an associated function, which means that you have to call it as Box::leak(b) instead of b.leak(). This is so that there is no conflict with a method on the inner type.

Examples

Simple usage:

let x = Box::new(41);
let static_ref: &'static mut usize = Box::leak(x);
*static_ref += 1;
assert_eq!(*static_ref, 42);

Unsized data:

let x = vec![1, 2, 3].into_boxed_slice();
let static_ref = Box::leak(x);
static_ref[0] = 4;
assert_eq!(*static_ref, [4, 2, 3]);

1.63.0 (const: unstable) · source

pub fn into_pin(boxed: Box<T, A>) -> Pin<Box<T, A>>where A: 'static,

Converts a Box<T> into a Pin<Box<T>>. If T does not implement Unpin, then *boxed will be pinned in memory and unable to be moved.

This conversion does not allocate on the heap and happens in place.

This is also available via From.

Constructing and pinning a Box with Box::into_pin(Box::new(x)) can also be written more concisely using Box::pin(x). This into_pin method is useful if you already have a Box<T>, or you are constructing a (pinned) Box in a different way than with Box::new.

Notes

It’s not recommended that crates add an impl like From<Box<T>> for Pin<T>, as it’ll introduce an ambiguity when calling Pin::from. A demonstration of such a poor impl is shown below.

struct Foo; // A type defined in this crate.
impl From<Box<()>> for Pin<Foo> {
    fn from(_: Box<()>) -> Pin<Foo> {
        Pin::new(Foo)
    }
}

let foo = Box::new(());
let bar = Pin::from(foo);

impl<A> Box<dyn Any, A>where A: Allocator,

pub fn downcast<T>(self) -> Result<Box<T, A>, Box<dyn Any, A>>where T: Any,

Attempt to downcast the box to a concrete type.

Examples

use std::any::Any;

fn print_if_string(value: Box<dyn Any>) {
    if let Ok(string) = value.downcast::<String>() {
        println!("String ({}): {}", string.len(), string);
    }
}

let my_string = "Hello World".to_string();
print_if_string(Box::new(my_string));
print_if_string(Box::new(0i8));

pub unsafe fn downcast_unchecked<T>(self) -> Box<T, A>where T: Any,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (downcast_unchecked)

Downcasts the box to a concrete type.

For a safe alternative see downcast.

Examples

#![feature(downcast_unchecked)]

use std::any::Any;

let x: Box<dyn Any> = Box::new(1_usize);

unsafe {
    assert_eq!(*x.downcast_unchecked::<usize>(), 1);
}

Safety

The contained value must be of type T. Calling this method with the incorrect type is undefined behavior.

impl<A> Box<dyn Any + Send, A>where A: Allocator,

pub fn downcast<T>(self) -> Result<Box<T, A>, Box<dyn Any + Send, A>>where T: Any,

Attempt to downcast the box to a concrete type.

Examples

use std::any::Any;

fn print_if_string(value: Box<dyn Any + Send>) {
    if let Ok(string) = value.downcast::<String>() {
        println!("String ({}): {}", string.len(), string);
    }
}

let my_string = "Hello World".to_string();
print_if_string(Box::new(my_string));
print_if_string(Box::new(0i8));

pub unsafe fn downcast_unchecked<T>(self) -> Box<T, A>where T: Any,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (downcast_unchecked)

Downcasts the box to a concrete type.

For a safe alternative see downcast.

Examples

#![feature(downcast_unchecked)]

use std::any::Any;

let x: Box<dyn Any + Send> = Box::new(1_usize);

unsafe {
    assert_eq!(*x.downcast_unchecked::<usize>(), 1);
}

Safety

The contained value must be of type T. Calling this method with the incorrect type is undefined behavior.

impl<A> Box<dyn Any + Sync + Send, A>where A: Allocator,

1.51.0 · source

pub fn downcast<T>(self) -> Result<Box<T, A>, Box<dyn Any + Sync + Send, A>>where T: Any,

Attempt to downcast the box to a concrete type.

Examples

use std::any::Any;

fn print_if_string(value: Box<dyn Any + Send + Sync>) {
    if let Ok(string) = value.downcast::<String>() {
        println!("String ({}): {}", string.len(), string);
    }
}

let my_string = "Hello World".to_string();
print_if_string(Box::new(my_string));
print_if_string(Box::new(0i8));

pub unsafe fn downcast_unchecked<T>(self) -> Box<T, A>where T: Any,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (downcast_unchecked)

Downcasts the box to a concrete type.

For a safe alternative see downcast.

Examples

#![feature(downcast_unchecked)]

use std::any::Any;

let x: Box<dyn Any + Send + Sync> = Box::new(1_usize);

unsafe {
    assert_eq!(*x.downcast_unchecked::<usize>(), 1);
}

Safety

The contained value must be of type T. Calling this method with the incorrect type is undefined behavior.

Trait Implementations§

1.64.0 · source§

impl<T> AsFd for Box<T, Global>where T: AsFd,

fn as_fd(&self) -> BorrowedFd<'_>

Borrows the file descriptor. Read more

1.5.0 · source§

impl<T, A> AsMut<T> for Box<T, A>where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Converts this type into a mutable reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

1.63.0 · source§

impl<T> AsRawFd for Box<T, Global>where T: AsRawFd,

fn as_raw_fd(&self) -> i32

Extracts the raw file descriptor. Read more

1.5.0 · source§

impl<T, A> AsRef<T> for Box<T, A>where A: Allocator, T: ?Sized,

fn as_ref(&self) -> &T

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl<T> AsyncBufRead for Box<T, Global>where T: AsyncBufRead + Unpin + ?Sized,

fn poll_fill_buf( self: Pin<&mut Box<T, Global>>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<&[u8], Error>>

Attempt to return the contents of the internal buffer, filling it with more data from the inner reader if it is empty. Read more

fn consume(self: Pin<&mut Box<T, Global>>, amt: usize)

Tells this buffer that amt bytes have been consumed from the buffer, so they should no longer be returned in calls to poll_read. Read more

impl<S> AsyncIterator for Box<S, Global>where S: AsyncIterator + Unpin + ?Sized,

type Item = <S as AsyncIterator>::Item

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (async_iterator)

The type of items yielded by the async iterator.

fn poll_next( self: Pin<&mut Box<S, Global>>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Option<<Box<S, Global> as AsyncIterator>::Item>>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (async_iterator)

Attempt to pull out the next value of this async iterator, registering the current task for wakeup if the value is not yet available, and returning None if the async iterator is exhausted. Read more

fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (async_iterator)

Returns the bounds on the remaining length of the async iterator. Read more

impl<T> AsyncRead for Box<T, Global>where T: AsyncRead + Unpin + ?Sized,

fn poll_read( self: Pin<&mut Box<T, Global>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, buf: &mut [u8] ) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>

Attempt to read from the AsyncRead into buf. Read more

Attempt to write bytes from bufs into the object using vectored IO operations. Read more

fn poll_flush( self: Pin<&mut Box<T, Global>>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<(), Error>>

Attempt to flush the object, ensuring that any buffered data reach their destination. Read more

Creates an adaptor which implements the Read trait for self. Read more

Creates an adapter which will chain this buffer with another. Read more

impl BufRead for Box<B, Global>where B: BufRead + ?Sized,

fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> Result<&[u8], Error>

Returns the contents of the internal buffer, filling it with more data from the inner reader if it is empty. Read more

fn consume(&mut self, amt: usize)

Tells this buffer that amt bytes have been consumed from the buffer, so they should no longer be returned in calls to read. Read more

fn read_until( &mut self, byte: u8, buf: &mut Vec<u8, Global> ) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes into buf until the delimiter byte or EOF is reached. Read more

fn read_line(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes until a newline (the 0xA byte) is reached, and append them to the provided String buffer. Read more

fn has_data_left(&mut self) -> Result<bool, Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (buf_read_has_data_left)

Check if the underlying Read has any data left to be read. Read more

fn split(self, byte: u8) -> Split<Self>where Self: Sized,

Returns an iterator over the contents of this reader split on the byte byte. Read more

fn local_storage_compare_and_set( &mut self, kind: StorageKind, key: &[u8], old_value: Option<&[u8]>, new_value: &[u8] ) -> bool

fn try_rfold<B, E, F>(&mut self, init: B, f: F) -> Result<B, E>where Self: Sized, E: From<Self::Error>, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> Result<B, E>,

Applies a function over the elements of the iterator in reverse, producing a single final value. Read more

impl<I, A> DoubleEndedIterator for Box<I, A>where I: DoubleEndedIterator + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<::Item>

Removes and returns an element from the end of the iterator. Read more

fn nth_back(&mut self, n: usize) -> Option<::Item>

Returns the nth element from the end of the iterator. Read more

fn advance_back_by(&mut self, n: usize) -> Result<(), NonZeroUsize>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_advance_by)

Advances the iterator from the back by n elements. Read more

1.27.0 · source§

fn try_rfold<B, F, R>(&mut self, init: B, f: F) -> Rwhere Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> R, R: Try<Output = B>,

This is the reverse version of Iterator::try_fold(): it takes elements starting from the back of the iterator. Read more

1.27.0 · source§

fn rfold<B, F>(self, init: B, f: F) -> Bwhere Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> B,

An iterator method that reduces the iterator’s elements to a single, final value, starting from the back. Read more

Get rlp-encoded bytes for this instance

impl<T> EncodeValue for Box<T, Global>where T: EncodeValue,

fn value_len(&self) -> Result<Length, Error>

Compute the length of this value (sans [Tag]+[Length] header) when encoded as ASN.1 DER.

Raised when a Deserialize struct type received more than one of the same field.

1.8.0 · source§

impl<T> Error for Box<T, Global>where T: Error,

fn description(&self) -> &str

👎Deprecated since 1.42.0: use the Display impl or to_string()

fn cause(&self) -> Option<&dyn Error>

fn extend_reserve(&mut self, additional: usize)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (extend_one)

fn enabled(&self, meta: &Metadata<'_>, cx: &Context<'_, S>) -> bool

Returns true if this layer is interested in a span or event with the given Metadata in the current Context, similarly to Subscriber::enabled. Read more

fn callsite_enabled(&self, meta: &'static Metadata<'static>) -> Interest

Returns an Interest indicating whether this layer will always, sometimes, or never be interested in the given Metadata. Read more

The returned type after the call operator is used.

extern "rust-call" fn call_once( self, args: Args ) -> <Box<F, A> as FnOnce<Args>>::Output

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (fn_traits)

Performs the call operation.

1.17.0 · source§

impl<T> From<&[T]> for Box<[T], Global>where T: Clone,

fn from(slice: &[T]) -> Box<[T], Global>

Converts a &[T] into a Box<[T]>

This conversion allocates on the heap and performs a copy of slice and its contents.

Examples

// create a &[u8] which will be used to create a Box<[u8]>
let slice: &[u8] = &[104, 101, 108, 108, 111];
let boxed_slice: Box<[u8]> = Box::from(slice);

println!("{boxed_slice:?}");

1.17.0 · source§

impl From<&CStr> for Box<CStr, Global>

fn from(s: &CStr) -> Box<CStr, Global>

Converts a &CStr into a Box<CStr>, by copying the contents into a newly allocated Box.

1.17.0 · source§

impl From<&OsStr> for Box<OsStr, Global>

fn from(s: &OsStr) -> Box<OsStr, Global>

Copies the string into a newly allocated Box<OsStr>.

use std::error::Error;
use std::mem;

let a_str_error = "a str error";
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error + Send + Sync>::from(a_str_error);
assert!(
    mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>() == mem::size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

1.6.0 · source§

impl From<&str> for Box<dyn Error, Global>

fn from(err: &str) -> Box<dyn Error, Global>

Converts a str into a box of dyn Error.

Examples

use std::error::Error;
use std::mem;

let a_str_error = "a str error";
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error>::from(a_str_error);
assert!(mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Error>>() == mem::size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

1.17.0 · source§

impl From<&str> for Box<str, Global>

fn from(s: &str) -> Box<str, Global>

Converts a &str into a Box<str>

This conversion allocates on the heap and performs a copy of s.

Examples

let boxed: Box<str> = Box::from("hello");
println!("{boxed}");

1.45.0 · source§

impl<T, const N: usize> From<[T; N]> for Box<[T], Global>

fn from(array: [T; N]) -> Box<[T], Global>

Converts a [T; N] into a Box<[T]>

This conversion moves the array to newly heap-allocated memory.

Examples

let boxed: Box<[u8]> = Box::from([4, 2]);
println!("{boxed:?}");

impl<T, O> From<BitBox<T, O>> for Box<[T], Global>where T: BitStore, O: BitOrder,

fn from(bb: BitBox<T, O>) -> Box<[T], Global>

Converts to this type from the input type.

1.18.0 · source§

Move a boxed object to a new, reference-counted allocation.

Example

let unique: Box<str> = Box::from("eggplant");
let shared: Arc<str> = Arc::from(unique);
assert_eq!("eggplant", &shared[..]);

1.19.0 · source§

impl<A> From<Box<str, A>> for Box<[u8], A>where A: Allocator,

fn from(s: Box<str, A>) -> Box<[u8], A>

Converts a Box<str> into a Box<[u8]>

This conversion does not allocate on the heap and happens in place.

Examples

// create a Box<str> which will be used to create a Box<[u8]>
let boxed: Box<str> = Box::from("hello");
let boxed_str: Box<[u8]> = Box::from(boxed);

// create a &[u8] which will be used to create a Box<[u8]>
let slice: &[u8] = &[104, 101, 108, 108, 111];
let boxed_slice = Box::from(slice);

assert_eq!(boxed_slice, boxed_str);

1.18.0 · source§

impl From<Box<str, Global>> for String

fn from(s: Box<str, Global>) -> String

Converts the given boxed str slice to a String. It is notable that the str slice is owned.

Examples

let s1: String = String::from("hello world");
let s2: Box<str> = s1.into_boxed_str();
let s3: String = String::from(s2);

assert_eq!("hello world", s3)

impl From<BytesOwned> for Box<[u8], Global>

fn from(bytes: BytesOwned) -> Box<[u8], Global>

Converts to this type from the input type.

1.20.0 · source§

impl From<CString> for Box<CStr, Global>

fn from(s: CString) -> Box<CStr, Global>

Converts a CString into a Box<CStr> without copying or allocating.

impl From<Cow<'_, OsStr>> for Box<OsStr, Global>

fn from(cow: Cow<'_, OsStr>) -> Box<OsStr, Global>

Converts a Cow<'a, OsStr> into a Box<OsStr>, by copying the contents if they are borrowed.

1.45.0 · source§

impl From<Cow<'_, Path>> for Box<Path, Global>

fn from(cow: Cow<'_, Path>) -> Box<Path, Global>

Creates a boxed Path from a clone-on-write pointer.

Converting from a Cow::Owned does not clone or allocate.

1.45.0 · source§

impl From<Cow<'_, str>> for Box<str, Global>

fn from(cow: Cow<'_, str>) -> Box<str, Global>

Converts a Cow<'_, str> into a Box<str>

When cow is the Cow::Borrowed variant, this conversion allocates on the heap and copies the underlying str. Otherwise, it will try to reuse the owned String’s allocation.

Examples

use std::borrow::Cow;

let unboxed = Cow::Borrowed("hello");
let boxed: Box<str> = Box::from(unboxed);
println!("{boxed}");

let unboxed = Cow::Owned("hello".to_string());
let boxed: Box<str> = Box::from(unboxed);
println!("{boxed}");

1.22.0 · source§

impl<'a> From<Cow<'a, str>> for Box<dyn Error, Global>

fn from(err: Cow<'a, str>) -> Box<dyn Error, Global>

Converts a Cow into a box of dyn Error.

Examples

use std::error::Error;
use std::mem;
use std::borrow::Cow;

let a_cow_str_error = Cow::from("a str error");
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error>::from(a_cow_str_error);
assert!(mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Error>>() == mem::size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

1.22.0 · source§

impl<'a, 'b> From<Cow<'b, str>> for Box<dyn Error + Sync + Send + 'a, Global>

fn from(err: Cow<'b, str>) -> Box<dyn Error + Sync + Send + 'a, Global>

Converts a Cow into a box of dyn Error + Send + Sync.

Examples

use std::error::Error;
use std::mem;
use std::borrow::Cow;

let a_cow_str_error = Cow::from("a str error");
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error + Send + Sync>::from(a_cow_str_error);
assert!(
    mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>() == mem::size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

impl<'a, E> From<E> for Box<dyn Error + 'a, Global>where E: Error + 'a,

fn from(err: E) -> Box<dyn Error + 'a, Global>

Converts a type of Error into a box of dyn Error.

Examples

use std::error::Error;
use std::fmt;
use std::mem;

#[derive(Debug)]
struct AnError;

impl fmt::Display for AnError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "An error")
    }
}

impl Error for AnError {}

let an_error = AnError;
assert!(0 == mem::size_of_val(&an_error));
let a_boxed_error = Box::<dyn Error>::from(an_error);
assert!(mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Error>>() == mem::size_of_val(&a_boxed_error))

Converts a PathBuf into a Box<Path>.

This conversion currently should not allocate memory, but this behavior is not guaranteed on all platforms or in all future versions.

fn from(t: T) -> Box<T, Global>

Converts a T into a Box<T>

The conversion allocates on the heap and moves t from the stack into it.

Examples

let x = 5;
let boxed = Box::new(5);

assert_eq!(Box::from(x), boxed);

1.20.0 · source§

impl<T, A> From<Vec<T, A>> for Box<[T], A>where A: Allocator,

fn from(v: Vec<T, A>) -> Box<[T], A>

Convert a vector into a boxed slice.

If v has excess capacity, its items will be moved into a newly-allocated buffer with exactly the right capacity.

Examples

assert_eq!(Box::from(vec![1, 2, 3]), vec![1, 2, 3].into_boxed_slice());

Any excess capacity is removed:

let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(10);
vec.extend([1, 2, 3]);

assert_eq!(Box::from(vec), vec![1, 2, 3].into_boxed_slice());

fn poll( self: Pin<&mut Box<F, A>>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<<Box<F, A> as Future>::Output>

Attempt to resolve the future to a final value, registering the current task for wakeup if the value is not yet available. Read more

impl<G, R, A> Generator<R> for Box<G, A>where G: Generator<R> + Unpin + ?Sized, A: Allocator + 'static,

type Yield = <G as Generator<R>>::Yield

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (generator_trait)

The type of value this generator yields. Read more

type Return = <G as Generator<R>>::Return

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (generator_trait)

The type of value this generator returns. Read more

fn resume( self: Pin<&mut Box<G, A>>, arg: R ) -> GeneratorState<<Box<G, A> as Generator<R>>::Yield, <Box<G, A> as Generator<R>>::Return>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (generator_trait)

Resumes the execution of this generator. Read more

impl<T, A> Hash for Box<T, A>where T: Hash + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

fn hash<H>(&self, state: &mut H)where H: Hasher,

Feeds this value into the given Hasher. Read more

1.3.0 · source§

fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H)where H: Hasher, Self: Sized,

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher. Read more

1.22.0 · source§

Advances the iterator and returns an array containing the next N values. Read more

fn count(self) -> usizewhere Self: Sized,

Consumes the iterator, counting the number of iterations and returning it. Read more

fn advance_by(&mut self, n: usize) -> Result<(), NonZeroUsize>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_advance_by)

Advances the iterator by n elements. Read more

1.28.0 · source§

fn step_by(self, step: usize) -> StepBy<Self>where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator starting at the same point, but stepping by the given amount at each iteration. Read more

fn chain(self, other: U) -> Chain<Self, ::IntoIter>where Self: Sized, U: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>,

Takes two iterators and creates a new iterator over both in sequence. Read more

fn zip(self, other: U) -> Zip<Self, ::IntoIter>where Self: Sized, U: IntoIterator,

‘Zips up’ two iterators into a single iterator of pairs. Read more

fn intersperse_with<G>(self, separator: G) -> IntersperseWith<Self, G>where Self: Sized, G: FnMut() -> Self::Item,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_intersperse)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_collect_into)

Collects all the items from an iterator into a collection. Read more

fn partition<B, F>(self, f: F) -> (B, B)where Self: Sized, B: Default + Extend<Self::Item>, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Consumes an iterator, creating two collections from it. Read more

fn is_partitioned(self, predicate: P) -> boolwhere Self: Sized, P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_is_partitioned)

fn all<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> boolwhere Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

Tests if every element of the iterator matches a predicate. Read more

fn any<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> boolwhere Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

Tests if any element of the iterator matches a predicate. Read more

fn find(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<Self::Item>where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Searches for an element of an iterator that satisfies a predicate. Read more

1.30.0 · source§

fn find_map<B, F>(&mut self, f: F) -> Optionwhere Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option,

Applies function to the elements of iterator and returns the first non-none result. Read more

fn try_find<F, R>( &mut self, f: F ) -> <<R as Try>::Residual as Residual<Option<Self::Item>>>::TryTypewhere Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> R, R: Try<Output = bool>, <R as Try>::Residual: Residual<Option<Self::Item>>,

fn array_chunks<const N: usize>(self) -> ArrayChunks<Self, N>where Self: Sized,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_array_chunks)

Returns an iterator over N elements of the iterator at a time. Read more

1.11.0 · source§

fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Selfwhere Self: Sized + PartialOrd<Self>,

fn eq(&self, other: &Box<T, A>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Box<T, A>) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (read_buf)

Pull some bytes from this source into the specified buffer. Read more

fn read_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Like read, except that it reads into a slice of buffers. Read more

fn is_read_vectored(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (can_vector)

Determines if this Reader has an efficient read_vectored implementation. Read more

fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8, Global>) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes until EOF in this source, placing them into buf. Read more

fn read_to_string(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes until EOF in this source, appending them to buf. Read more

fn read_exact(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Read the exact number of bytes required to fill buf. Read more

fn read_buf_exact(&mut self, cursor: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

fn start_send( self: Pin<&mut Box<S, Global>>, item: Item ) -> Result<(), <Box<S, Global> as Sink<Item>>::Error>

fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>)

Returns the bounds on the remaining length of the stream. Read more

Notifies the subscriber that a span ID has been dropped, and returns true if there are now 0 IDs that refer to that span. Read more

fn drop_span(&self, id: Id)

👎Deprecated since 0.1.2: use Subscriber::try_close instead

This method is deprecated. Read more

fn current_span(&self) -> Current

Returns a type representing this subscriber’s view of the current span. Read more

unsafe fn downcast_raw(&self, id: TypeId) -> Option<*const ()>

If self is the same type as the provided TypeId, returns an untyped *const pointer to that type. Otherwise, returns None. Read more

fn on_register_dispatch(&self, subscriber: &Dispatch)

Invoked when this subscriber becomes a [Dispatch]. Read more

impl<T> ToTokens for Box<T, Global>where T: ToTokens + ?Sized,

fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream)

Write self to the given TokenStream. Read more

fn to_token_stream(&self) -> TokenStream

This can be used with vec! to create an array on the heap:

let state: Box<[f32; 100]> = vec![1.0; 100].try_into().unwrap();
assert_eq!(state.len(), 100);

Visits the [Operator] op using the given offset. Read more

impl<W> Write for Box<W, Global>where W: Write + ?Sized,

fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Write a buffer into this writer, returning how many bytes were written. Read more

fn write_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Like write, except that it writes from a slice of buffers. Read more

fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (can_vector)

Determines if this Writer has an efficient write_vectored implementation. Read more

fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error>

Flush this output stream, ensuring that all intermediately buffered contents reach their destination. Read more

fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Attempts to write an entire buffer into this writer. Read more

fn write_fmt(&mut self, fmt: Arguments<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Writes a formatted string into this writer, returning any error encountered. Read more

fn write_all_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<(), Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (write_all_vectored)

Attempts to write multiple buffers into this writer. Read more

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Selfwhere Self: Sized,

Creates a “by reference” adapter for this instance of Write. Read more

impl<T> WriteColor for Box<T, Global>where T: WriteColor + ?Sized,

fn supports_color(&self) -> bool

Returns true if and only if the underlying writer supports colors.

fn set_color(&mut self, spec: &ColorSpec) -> Result<(), Error>

Set the color settings of the writer. Read more

fn reset(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error>

Reset the current color settings to their original settings. Read more

impl<Z> ZeroizeOnDrop for Box<[Z], Global>where Z: ZeroizeOnDrop,

Auto Trait Implementations§

impl<T: ?Sized, A> RefUnwindSafe for Box<T, A>where A: RefUnwindSafe, T: RefUnwindSafe,

Views self as an immutable bit-slice region with the O ordering.

fn try_as_bits<O>(&self) -> Result<&BitSlice<T, O>, BitSpanError<T>>where O: BitOrder,

Attempts to view self as an immutable bit-slice region with the O ordering. Read more

impl<T, U> AsByteSlice<T> for Uwhere T: ToByteSlice, U: AsRef<[T]> + ?Sized,

fn as_byte_slice(&self) -> &[u8] ⓘ

impl<T> AsFilelike for Twhere T: AsFd,

fn as_filelike(&self) -> BorrowedFd<'_>

Borrows the reference. Read more

fn as_filelike_view<Target>(&self) -> FilelikeView<'_, Target>where Target: FilelikeViewType,

Return a borrowing view of a resource which dereferences to a &Target. Read more

impl<A, T> AsMutBits<T> for Awhere A: AsMut<[T]>, T: BitStore,

fn as_mut_bits<O>(&mut self) -> &mut BitSlice<T, O> ⓘwhere O: BitOrder,

Views self as a mutable bit-slice region with the O ordering.

fn try_as_mut_bits<O>(&mut self) -> Result<&mut BitSlice<T, O>, BitSpanError<T>>where O: BitOrder,

Attempts to view self as a mutable bit-slice region with the O ordering. Read more

Returns the raw value.

impl<T> AsRawSocketlike for Twhere T: AsRawFd,

fn as_raw_socketlike(&self) -> i32

Returns the raw value.

impl AsSliceOf for Uwhere U: AsRef<[u8]> + ?Sized,

fn as_slice_of<T>(&self) -> Result<&[T], Error>where T: FromByteSlice,

impl<T> AsSocketlike for Twhere T: AsFd,

fn as_socketlike(&self) -> BorrowedFd<'_>

Borrows the reference.

fn as_socketlike_view<Target>(&self) -> SocketlikeView<'_, Target>where Target: SocketlikeViewType,

Return a borrowing view of a resource which dereferences to a &Target. Read more

impl<S> AsyncSeekExt for Swhere S: AsyncSeek + ?Sized,

fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> Seek<'_, Self>where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will seek an IO object, and then yield the new position in the object and the object itself. Read more

fn stream_position(&mut self) -> Seek<'_, Self>where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will return the current seek position from the start of the stream. Read more

default fn get_hash<H, B>(value: &H, build_hasher: &B) -> u64where H: Hash + ?Sized, B: BuildHasher,

impl<T> CheckedConversion for T

fn checked_from<T>(t: T) -> Option<Self>where Self: TryFrom<T>,

Convert from a value of T into an equivalent instance of Option<Self>. Read more

impl<T> CryptoRngCore for Twhere T: CryptoRng + RngCore,

fn as_rngcore(&mut self) -> &mut dyn RngCore

Upcast to an RngCore trait object.

impl<'a, T> Decode<'a> for Twhere T: DecodeValue<'a> + FixedTag,

fn decode<R>(reader: &mut R) -> Result<T, Error>where R: Reader<'a>,

Attempt to decode this message using the provided decoder.

fn from_der(bytes: &'a [u8]) -> Result<Self, Error>

Parse Self from the provided DER-encoded byte slice.

impl<T, X> Decode for Xwhere T: Decode + Into<X>, X: WrapperTypeDecode<Wrapped = T>,

fn decode(input: &mut I) -> Result<X, Error>where I: Input,

Attempt to deserialise the value from input.

fn decode_into( input: &mut I, dst: &mut MaybeUninit<Self> ) -> Result<DecodeFinished, Error>where I: Input,

Attempt to deserialize the value from input into a pre-allocated piece of memory. Read more

fn skip(input: &mut I) -> Result<(), Error>where I: Input,

Attempt to skip the encoded value from input. Read more

Decode Self with the given maximum recursion depth and advance input by the number of bytes consumed. Read more

impl<T> DefensiveMax<T> for Twhere T: PartialOrd<T>,

fn defensive_max(self, other: T) -> T

Returns the maximum and defensively asserts that other is not larger than self. Read more

fn defensive_strict_max(self, other: T) -> T

fn encoded_len(&self) -> Result<Length, Error>

Compute the length of this value in bytes when encoded as ASN.1 DER.

fn encode(&self, writer: &mut impl Writer) -> Result<(), Error>

Encode this value as ASN.1 DER using the provided [Writer].

fn encode_to_slice<'a>(&self, buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> Result<&'a [u8], Error>

Encode this value to the provided byte slice, returning a sub-slice containing the encoded message.

fn encode_to_vec(&self, buf: &mut Vec<u8, Global>) -> Result<Length, Error>

Encode this message as ASN.1 DER, appending it to the provided byte vector.

Instruments this type with the provided Span, returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more

fn in_current_span(self) -> Instrumented<Self>

Instruments this type with the current Span, returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more

type Error = ::Error

The error value of the iterator.

type IntoFallibleIter = I

The iterator.

fn into_fallible_iter(self) -> I

Creates a fallible iterator from a value.

The output that the future will produce on completion.

type IntoFuture = F

Which kind of future are we turning this into?

fn into_future(self) -> <F as IntoFuture>::IntoFuture

Creates a future from a value. Read more

impl IntoIterator for Iwhere I: Iterator,

type Item = ::Item

The type of the elements being iterated over.

type IntoIter = I

Which kind of iterator are we turning this into?

fn choose_multiple_fill<R>(self, rng: &mut R, buf: &mut [Self::Item]) -> usizewhere R: Rng + ?Sized,

Collects values at random from the iterator into a supplied buffer until that buffer is filled. Read more

fn choose_multiple<R>( self, rng: &mut R, amount: usize ) -> Vec<Self::Item, Global>where R: Rng + ?Sized,

Collects amount values at random from the iterator into a vector. Read more

impl IteratorRandom for Iwhere I: Iterator,

fn choose<R>(self, rng: &mut R) -> Option<Self::Item>where R: Rng + ?Sized,

Choose one element at random from the iterator. Read more

fn choose_multiple_fill<R>(self, rng: &mut R, buf: &mut [Self::Item]) -> usizewhere R: Rng + ?Sized,

Collects values at random from the iterator into a supplied buffer until that buffer is filled. Read more

fn choose_multiple<R>( self, rng: &mut R, amount: usize ) -> Vec<Self::Item, Global>where R: Rng + ?Sized,

Collects amount values at random from the iterator into a vector. Read more

👎Deprecated since 0.8.0: Use std .step_by() instead

Return an iterator adaptor that steps n elements in the base iterator for each iteration. Read more

fn map_into<R>(self) -> MapSpecialCase<Self, MapSpecialCaseFnInto<R>>where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Into<R>,

Convert each item of the iterator using the Into trait. Read more

fn map_results<F, T, U, E>( self, f: F ) -> MapSpecialCase<Self, MapSpecialCaseFnOk<F>>where Self: Iterator<Item = Result<T, E>> + Sized, F: FnMut(T) -> U,

👎Deprecated since 0.10.0: Use .map_ok() instead

fn fold_ok<A, E, B, F>(&mut self, start: B, f: F) -> Result<B, E>where Self: Iterator<Item = Result<A, E>>, F: FnMut(B, A) -> B,

Fold Result values from an iterator. Read more

fn fold_options<A, B, F>(&mut self, start: B, f: F) -> Optionwhere Self: Iterator<Item = Option<A>>, F: FnMut(B, A) -> B,

Fold Option values from an iterator. Read more

fn fold1<F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>where F: FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> Self::Item, Self: Sized,

👎Deprecated since 0.10.2: Use Iterator::reduce instead

Spawns a task that polls the given future to completion and returns a future that resolves to the spawned future’s output. Read more

impl<T, M> MakeExt<T> for Mwhere M: MakeVisitor<T> + Sealed<MakeExtMarker<T>>,

fn debug_alt(self) -> Alt<Self>

fn make_writer_for(&self, meta: &Metadata<'_>) -> Self::Writer

Returns a Writer for writing data from the span or event described by the provided Metadata. Read more

Write a single byte to the output.

impl<S> ParseFormatted for Swhere S: AsRef<str>,

fn parse_formatted<F, N>(&self, format: &F) -> Result<N, Error>where F: Format, N: FromFormattedStr,

Converts self (typically a formatted string) into a number (see Examples above).

impl<F, T> Parser for Fwhere F: FnOnce(&ParseBuffer<'_>) -> Result<T, Error>,

type Output = T

fn parse2(self, tokens: TokenStream) -> Result<T, Error>

Parse a proc-macro2 token stream into the chosen syntax tree node. Read more

fn __parse_scoped( self, scope: Span, tokens: TokenStream ) -> Result<<F as Parser>::Output, Error>

fn parse(self, tokens: TokenStream) -> Result<Self::Output, Error>

Parse tokens of source code into the chosen syntax tree node. Read more

fn parse_str(self, s: &str) -> Result<Self::Output, Error>

Parse a string of Rust code into the chosen syntax tree node. Read more

fn decode(self, value: &[u8]) -> T

Decode a byte-slice into the desired item.

Reads a sequence of IEEE754 single-precision (4 bytes) floating point numbers from the underlying reader. Read more

fn read_f32_into_unchecked<T>(&mut self, dst: &mut [f32]) -> Result<(), Error>where T: ByteOrder,

👎Deprecated since 1.2.0: please use read_f32_into instead

DEPRECATED. Read more

fn read_f64_into<T>(&mut self, dst: &mut [f64]) -> Result<(), Error>where T: ByteOrder,

Reads a sequence of IEEE754 double-precision (8 bytes) floating point numbers from the underlying reader. Read more

fn read_f64_into_unchecked<T>(&mut self, dst: &mut [f64]) -> Result<(), Error>where T: ByteOrder,

Return a bool with a probability of numerator/denominator of being true. I.e. gen_ratio(2, 3) has chance of 2 in 3, or about 67%, of returning true. If numerator == denominator, then the returned value is guaranteed to be true. If numerator == 0, then the returned value is guaranteed to be false. Read more

Consume self to return an equivalent value of T. Read more

Spawns a task that polls the given future to completion and returns a future that resolves to the spawned future’s output. Read more

Attempts to set self as the global default subscriber in the current scope, returning an error if one is already set. Read more

Attempts to convert self into T using TryInto<T>. Read more

impl<T, U> TryFrom for Twhere U: Into<T>,

type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom>::Error>

Performs the conversion.

impl<F, T, E> TryFuture for Fwhere F: Future<Output = Result<T, E>> + ?Sized,

type Ok = T

The type of successful values yielded by this future

type Error = E

The type of failures yielded by this future

fn try_poll( self: Pin<&mut F>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<<F as Future>::Output>

Poll this TryFuture as if it were a Future. Read more

type Error = >::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, >::Error>

Performs the conversion.

impl<S, T, E> TryStream for Swhere S: Stream<Item = Result<T, E>> + ?Sized,

type Ok = T

The type of successful values yielded by this future

type Error = E

The type of failures yielded by this future

fn try_poll_next( self: Pin<&mut S>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Option<Result<<S as TryStream>::Ok, <S as TryStream>::Error>>>

Poll this TryStream as if it were a Stream. Read more

Returns an iterator over the string in Unicode Normalization Form KD (compatibility decomposition).

fn nfc(self) -> Recompositions

An Iterator over the string in Unicode Normalization Form C (canonical decomposition followed by canonical composition).

fn nfkc(self) -> Recompositions

An Iterator over the string in Unicode Normalization Form KC (compatibility decomposition followed by canonical composition).

fn cjk_compat_variants(self) -> Replacements

A transformation which replaces CJK Compatibility Ideograph codepoints with normal forms using Standardized Variation Sequences. This is not part of the canonical or compatibility decomposition algorithms, but performing it before those algorithms produces normalized output which better preserves the intent of the original text. Read more

fn stream_safe(self) -> StreamSafe

An Iterator over the string with Conjoining Grapheme Joiner characters inserted according to the Stream-Safe Text Process (UAX15-D4)

impl<T, S> UniqueSaturatedInto<T> for Swhere T: Bounded, S: TryInto<T>,

fn unique_saturated_into(self) -> T

Consume self to return an equivalent value of T.

impl<V, T> VZip<V> for Twhere V: MultiLane<T>,

fn vzip(self) -> V

fn with_subscriber<S>(self, subscriber: S) -> WithDispatch<Self>where S: Into<Dispatch>,

Attaches the provided Subscriber to this type, returning a WithDispatch wrapper. Read more

fn with_current_subscriber(self) -> WithDispatch<Self>

Attaches the current default Subscriber to this type, returning a WithDispatch wrapper. Read more

Writes a IEEE754 double-precision (8 bytes) floating point number to the underlying writer. Read more

impl<W> Writer for Wwhere W: Write,

fn write(&mut self, slice: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Write the given DER-encoded bytes as output.